Leptospira

Leptospira is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria, also known as spirochetes. These bacteria are typically found in aquatic environments and can infect most mammals, particularly rodents and domestic animals.12

Infection in humans usually occurs through direct contact with the urine of infected animals or indirectly via contaminated food or water. The bacteria can penetrate mucous membranes and are often contracted by activities like swimming or wading in contaminated water.1

The illness caused by Leptospira is called leptospirosis. Symptoms can include fever, chills, muscle aches, headache, and vomiting. A more severe form, known as Weil disease, can lead to jaundice, liver disease, and kidney failure. Antibiotic treatment is most effective if administered early in the course of the illness.1