IL-1

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a protein that acts as a messenger between cells, playing a crucial role in the body's communication system. It is a type of cytokine, a broader category of molecules that modulate cellular behavior.1

IL-1 is primarily produced by monocytes and macrophages, which are types of white blood cells. Its main functions include regulating immune responses, stimulating inflammation, and activating lymphocytes, which are key components of the immune system. IL-1 is also involved in other biological processes, such as initiating fever, which is often associated with infection and inflammation.12

These proteins are not stored within cells but are released quickly in response to stimuli like infectious agents. Once released, IL-1 binds to specific receptors on target cells, triggering signals that alter the cell's behavior. While initially thought to function only between leukocytes, it's now understood that IL-1 interacts with a wider range of cells and is involved in numerous physiological functions beyond immunity.1