How does articular cartilage reduce stress between bones at a joint?

Articular cartilage reduces stress between bones at a joint primarily through its physical properties of being both deformable and elastic.12

Because it is elastic, articular cartilage can absorb compressive shock and recover its shape quickly once the deforming stress is removed. This ability to deform allows the cartilage to undergo mutual deformation, which helps lessen the incongruence between the articulating surfaces of bones during movement. By acting as a resilient, shock-absorbing layer, it protects the underlying bone from the direct impact of mechanical forces.123

Additionally, the cartilage's smooth surface helps facilitate movement within the joint. While articular cartilage is the primary tissue covering the ends of bones in free-moving joints, it works in conjunction with synovial fluid, which serves as a natural lubricant and further aids in shock absorption.213