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How can polycystic ovarian syndrome contribute to amenorrhea?
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menstruation
Cyclical changes during a woman's normal ovulatory menstrual cycle.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) contributes to amenorrhea—the absence of menstrual periods—primarily through hormonal imbalances initiated by an abnormal cycle of gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland.12
This condition is characterized by an excess of androgens, which disrupts the normal hormonal regulation of the reproductive system. Key mechanisms include:12
- Hormonal Disruption: Elevated levels of luteinizing hormone and androgens interfere with the ovulation process.12
- Insulin Resistance: Many individuals with PCOS experience insulin resistance, leading to hyperinsulinemia. This state stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens and reduces the production of sex hormone-binding globulin, increasing the amount of free, active testosterone in the body.2
- Estrogen Conversion: Increased conversion of androgens to estrogens in adipose tissue can further suppress ovulation, contributing to menstrual irregularities such as oligomenorrhea and, eventually, amenorrhea.2
These combined factors prevent the regular cycle necessary for menstruation, often resulting in infertility.12