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The H5N1 virus is a subtype of avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu. This viral respiratory disease primarily affects poultry and other bird species but can be transmitted to humans. The first human cases were reported in 1997 in Hong Kong, resulting in severe illness and a high mortality rate.1

H5N1 is considered the most deadly variety of bird flu. While most human infections occur through close contact with infected birds or contaminated surfaces, sustained human-to-human transmission has not been observed. However, the virus's ability to mutate raises concerns about its potential to cause a pandemic. Symptoms in humans are similar to regular influenza, but severe cases can lead to life-threatening complications.123

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