Eurasian coniferous forest

The Eurasian coniferous forest, also known as the taiga or boreal forest, is a vast biome characterized by long, cold winters and moderate to high precipitation. It spans across Eurasia, from the Atlantic to the Pacific coasts, covering much of Russia and extending into China and Mongolia, as well as parts of Finland, Sweden, and Norway.12

This forest type is dominated by evergreen coniferous trees such as pines, spruces, firs, and larches. These trees are well-adapted to extreme cold, with some species, like the Gmelin larch, growing at very high latitudes. The taiga is typically divided into three zones: closed-canopy forest, lichen woodland, and forest-tundra. The soils are generally acidic and poor in mineral content. Common inhabitants include insects like mosquitoes and flies, various birds, and mammals such as shrews, squirrels, moose, and wolves.132