Despite the memorandum of understanding (MoU) reached in June 2026 that seeks to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and end the Iran war, Iran sought to assert hegemonic control over the strait and eventually collect fees on ships passing through. The country repeatedly warned ships to use preapproved routes and follow protocols set by the regime. It followed up on its threats by firing at multiple ships, including three commercial vessels on July 6–7. Iran’s activity in the strait tested the limits of the MoU and prompted attacks by the United States in response.
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