Many patients who underwent transorbital lobotomy, a procedure developed by American neurologist Walter J. Freeman, showed reductions in tension or agitation. However, many also became apathetic and passive, showed little initiative, had trouble concentrating, and had weaker emotional responses. Some patients died because of the procedure. These harmful effects, however, were not widely reported in the 1940s, and the long-term effects were largely unknown at that time.
verifiedCite
While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies.
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions.
Select Citation Style