The Gupta period, as the broad period beginning about 300 ce and continuing to about 600 ce is referred to, is known for its achievements in literature, art, architecture, and philosophy. Notable achievements during the period include the development or finalization of the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and some of the Puranas; advancements in astronomy, mathematics, and metallurgy; and significant Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain sculptures and architectural features. The period was dominated by two large dynasties—the Guptas in northern India and the Vakatakas in the Deccan, and the cultural achievements were an amalgamation of works started before and during the period and included patronage from other dynasties as well.
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