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Ride-sharing

Are Ride-sharing apps a benefit to society?

Ride-sharing has transformed travel and transportation. The roots of the phenomenon are found in the environmental movement of the late 1960s and 1970s, when concerns arose over air pollution (from auto emissions) and highway congestion.

Ride-sharing is a legacy debate. Legacy debates are topics that ProCon no longer updates for various reasons, including a lack of reader interest or a shift in the debate topic. Although these debates are not updated, they may be helpful for historical context.

For more on this topic, see these articles:

In particular, the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis, which made gas both scarce and expensive, resurrected a mode of transportation once necessary during the resource-strapped days of World War II: carpooling. Offered as an ecologically sage alternative to solo driving, carpooling was championed as a way to reduce traffic, help the environment, and cut down on transportation costs for the average driver. This sparked the wide introduction of carpooling lanes—the high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) or “diamond lanes”—on interstate highways and freeways in the 1980s and 90s for use by vehicles with 2+ passengers. When smartphones became widely available in the 2000s, yet another alternative to solo driving was born: app-based ride-sharing.[43] [44]

The two most popular ride-sharing companies in the United States are Uber (launched in 2010) and Lyft (2012), both headquartered in San Francisco. Uber now operates in over 10,000 cities across 70 countries. Lyft operates in 650 cities across the U.S. and Canada, with international expansion made possible via a partnership with FREENOW. The first fully autonomous, driverless rideshare company, Waymo, launched in 2020 and was available in 10 U.S. cities as of 2026; it announced plans that year to expand to more than 20+ U.S. cities and to international markets such as Tokyo and London.[42] [47] [48] [49]

What do you think?

Explore the ProCon debate

The popularity of ride-sharing varies among populations. Its users include 45 percent of urban residents, 40 percent of suburbanites, 51 percent of people age 18-29, 53 percent of people earning $75,000 or more per year, and 55 percent of people with college degrees, compared to only 19 percent of rural residents, 24 percent of people aged 50 or older, 24 percent of people earning $30,000 or less per year, and 20 percent of people with a high school diploma or no diploma. [38]

But despite the obvious convenience and popularity of ride-sharing, has this transformation in transportation been an overall “good” for society? Explore the debate below.

Pros and Cons at a Glance

PROSCONS
Pro 1: Ride-sharing is convenient, affordable, and generally safe for riders and drivers alike. Read More.Con 1: Ride-sharing aggravates traffic and environmental problems while taking advantage of riders. Read More.
Pro 2: Rideshare companies create jobs with attractive perks while boosting the economy. Read More.Con 2: Rideshare drivers earn low pay and receive few, if any, standard worker benefits. Read More.
Pro 3: Ride-sharing has been a boon to consumer choice, increasing transportation options while decreasing the discrimination experienced with taxis. Read More.Con 3: Rideshare companies often deny responsibility for accidents and have a history of poor driver screening, putting passengers at risk. Read More.

Pro Arguments

 (Go to Con Arguments)

Pro 1: Ride-sharing is convenient, affordable, and generally safe for riders and drivers alike.

App-based ride-sharing has increased the comfort and reliability of transportation on-demand. Your exact location can be traced by the driver, and the arrival of your driver can be tracked in real-time, all from the comfort of indoors, offering both safety and a climate-controlled waiting experience; this is quite different from the often hectic and less predictable cab-hailing experience. Ride-sharing is also routinely cheaper than the cost of a taxi for standard, non-peak period rides, especially outside of congested areas like New York City, and it offers greater transparency with upfront pricing. Even communicating your destination to the driver is greatly facilitated in ride-sharing, streamlining communication and overcoming language barriers between drivers and riders. Some rideshare apps even have translation tools that support more than 100 languages. [2] [7] [50]

Ride-sharing also has built-in safety features, such as displaying the license plate and car model to ensure that riders get into the correct vehicle, the ability to share the route with friends and family, GPS tracking, cash-free transactions, and driver ratings. Poor drivers are rooted out of the system through customers’ post-trip star rating, providing a quality-control system virtually nonexistent with taxis. Drivers wanting high ratings lead to improved customer service.[8] [46]

Ride-sharing has even made society safer. A full third of ride-sharing passengers who own vehicles (33 percent) said the main reason they use the service is to avoid driving while drunk. In fact, fatal alcohol-related car accidents dropped between 10-11.4 percent after the introduction of ride-sharing services, and DUI (driving under the influence) citations went down as much as 9.2 percent in some cities. Researchers estimate that if ride-sharing were fully implemented across the country, the resulting drop in DUI-related accidents could save 500 lives and $1.3 billion in American taxpayer money annually.  [5] [6] [7]

Pro 2: Rideshare companies create jobs with attractive perks while boosting the economy.

Like many professions and “side hustles” in the gig economy, ride-sharing offers drivers several perks. These include independence, flexible hours, better work/life balance, immediate payouts and tips, and ease of entering the profession—no special commercial licenses, classes, or degrees are needed to be a driver.[41]

Financial analyst Mohamed S. Jalloh notes,

Unlike yellow cab taxi drivers who work 12-hour shifts or car drivers who are scheduled by dispatchers, Uber drivers enjoy considerable freedom and flexibility. Drivers log in and out of the system anytime they choose and pick their own hours.[40]

The Economic Development Research Group found in 2018 that Uber had contributed $17 billion in gross domestic product to the U.S. economy, $580 million in added business productivity, and $11 million in additional spending by international visitors who use ride-sharing to travel to places they otherwise wouldn’t have visited. [13]

Lyft reported that its drivers earned more than $3.6 billion in 2017, and that passengers contributed an additional $2 billion of spending in their communities. Also, 54 percent of consumers say they explore their cities more, and 45 percent spend more at local businesses, because of ride-sharing. [14]

Pro 3: Ride-sharing has been a boon to consumer choice, increasing transportation options while decreasing the discrimination experienced with taxis.

While Uber and Lyft are the household names associated with ride-sharing, other companies have popped up as transportation alternatives. From the hyper-local Just Her Rideshare (that operates for women only in Charlotte, North Carolina) and Metrobi (a rideshare company offering business courier services) to Blacklane (for premium chauffeured rides), the rideshare options are seemingly endless. Rideshare companies also provide a greater range of vehicle options compared to taxi services, ranging from standard sedans to larger SUVs and luxury vehicles.[21] [39]

Ride-sharing initiatives such as Uber Assist offers door-to-door assistance for the estimated 26 million seniors in the U.S. with mobility needs and who rely on others for transportation. Uber and Lyft partner with senior organizations, retirement homes, and healthcare providers to arrange rides for seniors who aren’t comfortable using technology. Some ride-sharing companies, such as Lift Hero, Mobility 4 All (now part of Carepool), and SilverRide, provide door-through-door transportation for seniors and people with disabilities, featuring drivers trained to help passengers with special needs.[22] [23] [24] [25] [26]

Lyft has offered discounted rides to grocery stores for low-income households to increase access to healthy food options, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, and in 2018 pledged $1.5 million to transport veterans and people with low incomes to medical appointments and job interviews. [27] [28]

Ride-sharing is also less prone to the discrimination widely associated with taxi service. Researchers have noted high levels of taxi discrimination towards Black riders, who have a 73 percent higher chance of having their taxi canceled and wait 6-15 minutes longer than white riders. Anne Brown, assistant professor of planning, public policy, and management at the University of Oregon, found that “ridehail [ride-sharing] services [which do not report the race of the passengers scheduling the ride] nearly eliminate the racial-ethnic differences in service quality.” [29]

Rideshare companies have also launched special “Women+” and “Women Preference” features. These allow women to prioritize riding with other women, to increase their sense of security. Women passengers can be matched with women drivers, and vice versa. This service also aids transgender women, thereby eliminating the fear and discrimination non-binary customers have experienced with male taxi drivers.[20]

Con Arguments

 (Go to Pro Arguments)

Con 1: Ride-sharing aggravates traffic and environmental problems while taking advantage of riders.

Ride-sharing adds billions of additional driving miles each year, especially in nine metropolitan areas (Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Seattle, and D.C.). At least 40 percent of the time, drivers are traveling without passengers in the car, adding more miles and vehicle emissions that wouldn’t exist without ride-sharing. As many as 60 percent of riders would have used public transit, walked, biked, or not taken their trip at all if ride-sharing had not been an option. That means nearly two-thirds of ride-sharing trips added additional cars to the roads. [2] [3] [9] [10]

Studies confirm that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft increase urban traffic congestion, worsening bottlenecks during peak hours. The high frequency of drivers searching for passengers, navigating via apps, and often driving without passengers contributes to both increased traffic and significant distracted driving, raising safety risks. Not surprisingly, given the greater number of cars on the road, researchers have also found that ride-sharing contributes to a net increase in greenhouse gas emissions. [2] [9] [10]

Ride-sharing has also hurt public transportation. According to a 2022 study of 305 urban areas between January 2006 and December 2017 by researchers at the A. B. Freeman School of Business, bus passenger trips declined 7-9 percent after Uber entered the area. [19]

Rideshare services can also be surprisingly inconsistent, from surge pricing to long wait times and even canceled trips. Because of the app-based nature of the services, companies can raise prices within minutes of increased traffic in any given area. Author Sarah Jaffe notes that the practice started with Uber, and that the company’s

sudden price spikes turned a short ride home into a luxury good. Uber spokespeople would suggest that riders simply wait for prices to fall again, but anyone who’s ever been stranded at closing time or missed the last subway knows that waiting sometimes isn’t an option.[4]

Finally, many rideshare companies can be woefully inadequate in meeting the needs of riders with disabilities, despite the companies’ claims to the contrary. Although riders can indicate their need for special assistance, many of the companies have a limited number of WAV (wheelchair-accessible vehicle) rides or drivers willing to assist disabled passengers with their belongings. [17]

Con 2: Rideshare drivers earn low pay and receive few, if any, standard worker benefits.

Rideshare companies pay drivers below minimum wage, offer little job security, and offer even fewer economic benefits for covering operating costs. As the Economic Policy Institute has reported, “Uber drivers earn less than what 90 percent of workers earn,” and their hourly compensation “falls below the mandated minimum wage in nine of 20 major markets.” Plus, drivers routinely lack the standard employment protections offered traditional workers, including overtime pay, unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, paid sick days, paid family leave, health and safety protections, the right to a union, and discrimination and sexual harassment protections.[12] [15] [16]

A 2018 report from economists at the University of California, Berkeley, and the New School found that 40 percent of ride-sharing drivers “have incomes so low they qualify for Medicaid and another 16 percent have no health insurance; 18 percent qualify for federal supplemental nutrition assistance (nearly twice the rate for New York City workers overall).” A small Human Rights Watch survey in Texas in 2025 confirmed that this has remained the status quo. [16] [18]

On top of the low pay and absence of employee benefits, drivers must of course supply and maintain their own car and pay for gas, insurance, and taxes, further undercutting the attractiveness of this “side hustle” in the first place.

Con 3: Rideshare companies often deny responsibility for accidents and have a history of poor driver screening, putting passengers at risk.

Because drivers are classified as independent contractors and not employees, rideshare companies may not take responsibility for negligent drivers and their accidents. Companies can be liable if they were negligent in hiring (failing to conduct proper background checks) or in supervising their drivers (ignoring driver complaints) or if the app caused a driver to be distracted. But these actions can be difficult to prove in court, most often necessitating costly legal representation for the consumer. [1] [11]

While taxi drivers are subject to rigorous security screening involving fingerprint checks through the FBI database, rideshare drivers are subject to limited background checks and are not always required to disclose past legal issues. Rechecks of drivers, for crimes committed after they’ve been hired, are often sporadic at best. A 2016 lawsuit brought by the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco revealed that 25 drivers with serious criminal records, such as murder and kidnapping, had passed Uber’s background checks. A 2025 New York Times investigation revealed that Uber was still hiring drivers convicted of child abuse, assault, and stalking, among other felonies. Furthermore, drivers who had been arrested, but not convicted, of sexual assault had been hired whereupon they allegedly assaulted passengers. “We are def[initely] not doing everything we can,” Brooke Anderson, then Uber’s head of safety communications, said in a 2018 email exchange exposed by the Times.[30] [31] [32] [37] [45]

San Francisco District Attorney George Gascon, who sued Uber for allegedly failing to protect consumers from fraud and harm, said of the company’s security screening process, which does not include fingerprinting, “It is completely worthless.” [33] [34]

A December 2019 report from Uber stated that, among riders and drivers, there had been 10 murders in 2017 and nine in 2018 and 2,936 sexual assaults (ranging from nonconsensual touching to rape) in 2017 and 3,045 in 2018. One woman wrote in an open letter from 14 victims of sexual harassment and rape by Uber drivers, “Although I immediately reported what happened to Uber, shockingly, this predator continues to drive for Uber to this day. I am 21 years old and will have to live with this the rest of my life.” [35] [36]

Assessment quiz

After reading the above debate, take our assessment quiz to test your knowledge of ride-sharing and the gig economy. Good luck!

Discussion questions

  1. Is ride-sharing a benefit to society? Why or why not?
  2. Consider how the gig economy model impacts society. Explain your answer.
  3. How safe is ride-sharing? Consider vulnerable populations as both rider and driver. Explain you answer.
  4. Consider how you felt about the issue before reading this article. After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed? If so, how? List two to three ways. If your thoughts have not changed, list two to three ways your better understanding of the “other side of the issue” now helps you better argue your position.
  5. Push for the position and policies you support by writing U.S. senators and representatives.

Sources

  1. Kuvara Law Firm, “Unpacking the Complex Liability Issues in Rideshare Accidents This Season” (July 1, 2025), kuvaralawfirm.com
  2. Caroline Rodier, “The Effects of RideHailing Services on Travel and Associated Greenhouse Gas Emissions” (April 2018), ncst.ucdavis.edu
  3. Bruce Schaller, “The New Automobility: Lyft, Uber and the Future of American Cities” (July 15, 2018), schallerconsult.com
  4. Sarah Jaffe, “The Urge to Surge” (June 7, 2024), prospect.org
  5. Regina R. Clewlow and Gouri Shankar Mishra, “Disruptive Transportation: The Adoption, Utilization, and Impacts of Ride-Hailing in the United States” (October 2017), ucdavis.edu
  6. Frank Martin-Buck, “Driving Safety: An Empirical Analysis of Ride-sharing’s Impact on Drunk Driving and Alcohol-Related Crime” (November 17, 2016), frankmartinbuck.com
  7. Brad N. Greenwood and Sunil Wattal, “Show Me the Way to Go Home: An Empirical Investigation of Ride-Sharing and Alcohol Related Motor Vehicle Fatalities” (March 1, 2017), MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems
  8. Johnny Jet, “Do Uber’s New Safety Features Make Ride-sharing Safer?” (June 15, 2018), forbes.com
  9. David Schaper, “Ride-Hailing Services Add to Traffic Congestion, Study Says” (August 1, 2018), npr.org
  10. Steven R. Gehrke, Alison Felix, and Timothy Reardon, “Fare Choices: A Survey of Ride-Hailing Passengers in Metro Boston” (February 2018), mapc.org
  11. Buzzell, Welsh, and Hill Low Offices, “Pros and Cons of Rideshare Services” (December 9, 2024), bwhlegal.com
  12. Ben Zipperer, et al, “National Survey of Gig Workers Paints a Picture of Poor Working Conditions, Low Pay” (June 1, 2022), epi.org
  13. Economic Development Research Group, “Uber’s Economic Impacts in the United States” (July 26, 2018), edrgroup.com
  14. Lyft, “2018 Economic Impact Report” (2018), lyft.com
  15. Lawrence Mishel, “Uber and the Labor Market” (May 15, 2018), epi.org
  16. Brian Stauffer, “The Gig Trap” (May 12, 2025), hrw.org
  17. Theresa Foundation, “Rideshare Apps: Pros and Cons for People with Disabilities” (accessed March 5, 2026), theresafoundation.org
  18. James A. Parrott and Michael Reich, “An Earnings Standard for New York City’s App-based Drivers: Economic Analysis and Policy Assessment” (July 2018), centernyc.org
  19. Freeman Business, “Is Uber Killing Public Transportation?” (February 2, 2022), freemanmag.tulane.edu
  20. Samantha Subin, “Uber Will Let Women Drivers and Riders Request to Avoid Being Paired With Men Starting Next Month” (July 23 2025), cnbc.com
  21. Ashish, “Top 11 Uber Alternatives for Riders, Drivers, and Businesses in 2026” (accessed March 5, 2026), deliverable.agency
  22. Mark Edelen, “The New Senior Transportation: Uber and Lyft Ride-Sharing” (January 9, 2017), after55.com
  23. National Aging and Disability Transportation Center, “2016 Transportation Trends: A Look at the Year’s Top Mobility Challenges & Opportunities” (February 2017), nadtc.org
  24. Marco della Cava, “Lyft Deal with Allscripts Lets 180,000 Doctors Call Rides for Their Patients” (March 5, 2018), usatoday.com
  25. Taryn Phaneuf, “Ride-Hailing Service Aims to Go the Extra Mile for Seniors, People With Disabilities” (September 26, 2018), americaninno.com
  26. Cassandra Dowell, “Brookdale Turns to Uber-Like Service to Transport Residents” (accessed December 17, 2018), innovation.seniorhousingnews.com
  27. Jeanette Settembre, “Lyft Is Offering $2.50 Rides to Grocery Stores for People Living in ‘Food Deserts’” (December 12, 2018), marketwatch.com
  28. Lyft, “Expanding Lyft Relief Rides to Help Those in Need” (May 2, 2018), blog.lyft.com
  29. Anne E. Brown, “Ridehail Revolution: Ridehail Travel and Equity in Los Angeles” (January 1, 2018), its.ucla.edu
  30. Bob Egelko, “Lyft, Uber Drivers Won’t Need Fingerprint Checks, California Rules” (November 9, 2017), sfchronicle.com
  31. Marrian Zhou, “Uber, Lyft Reportedly Skimp on Background Checks” (August 31, 2018), cnet.com
  32. Nick Statt, “Uber Will Pay $10 Million to Settle Lawsuit over Driver Background Checks” (April 7, 2016), theverge.com
  33. Dara Kerr, “California DAs Sue Ride-Sharing App Uber, Settle with Rival Lyft” (December 9, 2014), cnet.com
  34. Ellen Huet, “SF, LA District Attorneys Sue Uber, Settle with Lyft over ‘Misleading’ Business Violations” (December 9, 2014), forbes.com
  35. Kate Conger, “Uber Says 3,045 Sexual Assaults Were Reported in U.S. Rides Last Year” (December 5, 2019), nytimes.com
  36. Katherine et al., “Open Letter to the Board of Directors of Uber Technologies, Inc.” (April 26, 2018), wigdorlaw.com
  37. Emily Steel, “Uber Cleared Violent Felons to Drive. Passengers Accused Them of Rape.” (December 2025), nytimes.com
  38. Jingjing Jiang, “More Americans Are Using Ride-Hailing Apps” (January 4, 2019), pewresearch.org
  39. Just Her Rideshare (accessed March 5, 2026), justherrideshare.com
  40. Mohamed S. Jalloh, “Uber: Advantages and Disadvantages” (April 18, 2025), investopedia.com
  41. Harry Campbell, “Pros & Cons of Uber: For Drivers & Riders” (March 19, 2025), therideshareguy.com
  42. Joann Muller, “Waymo Robotaxis Now Available in 10 Cities” (February 24, 2026), axios.com
  43. MIT "Real-Time" Rideshare Research, â€œSelective History of Ride-sharing—The 1970s Energy Crises,” (January 24, 2009), ridesharechoices.scripts.mit.edu
  44. “Impact of Ride-sharing on Traffic and Safety” (May 13, 2025), bestsellingcarsblog.com
  45. Sejal Brahmbhatt and Brian Abramson, “Are Rideshare Background Checks Failing Passengers? Investigating the Gaps” (March 27, 2025), whlaw.com
  46. Katia Savchuk, “How Uber Steers Its Drivers Toward Better Performance” (August 6, 2025), news.stanford.edu
  47. Rich Duprey, “Uber Technologies Is the Robotaxi Winner of 2026” (January 6, 2026), aol.com
  48. Lyft, “Find Your City” (accessed March 5, 2026), lyft.com
  49. Lyft, “Lyft Goes Global: FREENOW Acquisition Complete” (July 31, 2025), lyft.com
  50. Rachel Morgan Cautero, “Is an Uber Really Cheaper Than a Taxi?” (January 13, 2025), lifewire.com.