nettle

plant

Also known as: Urtica

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The Information Architects of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Last updated

July 1, 2026

Quick Summary

The stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is a weedy, perennial plant known for its stinging leaves, which are covered in trichomes that inject irritating substances when touched. This plant is found globally, particularly in Europe, North America, North Africa, and Asia.12

Stinging nettles can grow up to 2 meters (6.5 feet) tall and spread via underground rhizomes, forming dense colonies. While the sting deters most large herbivores, the plant is a food source for some butterfly species and aphids.1

Beyond its defense mechanism, the stinging nettle has various uses. Young leaves can be cooked and eaten as a nutritious potherb. The plant also serves as a source of bast fibers for textiles and is used in cosmetics. Historically and currently, it's utilized in herbal medicine for a range of ailments, though clinical evidence varies. The rootstock is used for urinary issues, and leaf tea has been used for conditions like hay fever and arthritis.1

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