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Deciduous trees are plants that shed all of their leaves seasonally, typically in autumn. This shedding, known as leaf fall or abscission, is a protective mechanism. Deciduous leaves are generally thin and susceptible to freezing damage. By dropping them, the trees prevent cell rupture and conserve energy during winter.12345

As days shorten and temperatures drop, hormonal changes trigger chlorophyll production to stop. This allows underlying yellow and orange pigments (carotenoids) to become visible. In some species, red and purple pigments (anthocyanins) accumulate, creating vibrant fall colors. The fallen leaves decompose, returning nutrients to the soil. This process allows deciduous forests to experience dramatic seasonal changes in appearance and function.635

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