Cacao: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

L. Russell Cook, Chocolate Production and Use, 3rd ed., rev. by E.H. Meursing (1982), covers the cocoa and chocolate industry from the growing of cocoa beans to the finished cocoa and chocolate products. Stephen T. Beckett, The Science of Chocolate, 2nd ed. (2008), describes the chocolate-making process, from the farming of the beans to the sale of the products. Emmanuel Afoakwa, Chocolate Science and Technology (2010), provides a technical overview of the science and technology of cocoa production and chocolate manufacturing.

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • L. Russell Cook
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Article title updated for style. Oct 31, 2026
Add new Web site: PNAS - New light on the use of Theobroma cacao by Late Classic Maya. Oct 02, 2026
Add new Web site: University of Hawai'i at Manoa - College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources - Grafting Cacao (PDF). Mar 12, 2025
Add new Web site: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - Growing Cocoa. Jan 28, 2025
Add new Web site: International Journal of Current Research - Origin, Domestication, Taxonomy, Botanical Description, Genetics and Cytogenetics, Genetic Diversity, Breeding, Cultivation and Processing of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Oct 07, 2024
Add new Web site: National Parks - Flora and Fauna Web - Theobroma cacao L. Jul 02, 2024
Add new Web site: The Spruce - How to grow Cacao. Feb 01, 2024
Links added. Sep 14, 2023
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Cacao biotechnology: current status and future prospects. Jul 21, 2023
Add new Web site: University of Florida IFAS Extension - Cocoa Growing in the Florida Home Landscape. May 28, 2023
Add new Web site: Academia - Theobroma cacao L., the Food of the Gods: A scientific approach beyond myths and claims. Apr 14, 2023
Add new Web site: PlantVillage - Cocoa (cacao). Mar 03, 2023
Add new Web site: San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Animals and Plants - Cacao. Jan 20, 2023
Corrected display issue. Aug 09, 2018
Revised and updated bibliography. Apr 01, 2014
Bibliography revised. Apr 01, 2014
Article revised and updated. Apr 01, 2014
Add new Web site: Botanical.com - Cacao. Dec 01, 2013
Add new Web site: Queensland Government - Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Growing Cocoa. Dec 01, 2013
Add new Web site: Flowers of India - Cocoa Tree. Dec 01, 2013
Add new Web site: Missouri Botanical Garden - Theobroma Cacao. Jan 03, 2013
Add new Web site: Botanical.com - Cacao. Jan 03, 2013
Add new Web site: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Theobroma cacao. Jan 03, 2013
Added photograph. Jan 20, 2011
Changed Latin to Greek in the first sentence. Sep 18, 2009
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Science - Cocoa. Dec 30, 2008
Article revised. Jan 12, 2001
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
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