alpine vegetation

Alpine vegetation refers to the plant life found in mountainous regions above the tree line. These environments are characterized by harsh conditions, including cold temperatures, high winds, and limited growing seasons.1

The plant communities in alpine tundras and Arctic regions are often small in species number but high in individual numbers. Plants here tend to be greenish-brown, with generally large and colorful blossoms that bloom for short periods. Common plant types include grasses, sedges, mosses, lichens, and low-growing shrubs like willows. In areas with more snow, lichens and mosses grow on rocks, while vascular plants are found closer to the permanent snow line.2

Global warming has led to an upward migration of alpine plant species. In the Alps, for example, the upper limits of plant species have risen significantly over the past century.3