Strophanthus sarmentosus

Strophanthus sarmentosus is a plant species belonging to the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). This genus, which includes over 40 species, is characterized by woody vines, shrubs, or small trees native to tropical Africa and Southeast Asia. Some Strophanthus species have petals that extend into long threads.1

The bark and seeds of certain vine-like species contain toxic alkaloids known as strophanthins. These compounds have historically been used as arrow poisons. In controlled, low dosages, strophanthins can act as cardiac and vascular stimulants. Notably, S. sarmentosus is a source for the drug cortisone. Strophanthin itself is a bitter, toxic glycoside used similarly to digitalis.12