Cyatheaceae

Cyatheaceae is a family of tropical tree ferns. These ferns are characterized by their ascending, trunk-like stems, which can reach heights of up to 25 meters (80 feet). Unlike seed plant trees, their trunks are made of modified rhizomes and a dense network of adventitious roots.1

The leaves of Cyatheaceae are often highly divided and can grow several meters long. A key distinguishing feature of this family, compared to the related Dicksoniaceae family, is the presence of scales and sometimes sharp spines on the petioles of their leaves. The reproductive structures, called sori, often have a protective, membranous covering called an indusium, which can vary in shape.1

These ancient plants have a fossil record dating back to the Triassic Period. Many species are now rare due to overcollection for horticultural purposes and the use of their trunks for crafts. Consequently, most tree ferns are protected under international trade regulations.1