Brazil nut tree

The Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa) is a large South American tree found in Amazonian forests, particularly in Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. It is renowned for its edible seeds, commonly known as Brazil nuts, which are a significant global commodity. These seeds are rich in protein, dietary fiber, thiamin, selenium, copper, and magnesium. The tree itself can grow to impressive heights, often exceeding 160 feet, with a wide crown spread.12

The Brazil nut tree has unique ecological requirements that make it sensitive to deforestation. It relies on specific pollinators, large native bees, for its flowers and on agoutis, a type of rodent, for seed dispersal. These complex interactions highlight the importance of maintaining intact rainforest ecosystems for the survival of the Brazil nut tree and the production of its valuable nuts. The hard-shelled fruits contain 12-24 seeds and are harvested from the forest floor.13