Why is Iran described as a theocratic republic?

Iran is described as a theocratic republic because its government, established following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, blends democratic institutions with theocratic oversight by Twelver Shiʿah clergy.12

While the country features a directly elected president and parliament (Majles), these democratic elements are constrained by clerical bodies that ensure state actions comply with Islamic law. The supreme leader (rahbar), a ranking cleric, serves as the head of state and holds centralized power, overseeing government functions and appointing key officials.123

The Council of Guardians, composed of Islamic jurists and civil jurists, plays a critical role by vetting candidates for office and reviewing all legislation to ensure it aligns with the constitution and religious standards. This structure ensures that ultimate authority remains under the guidance of the clerical class, defining Iran as a theocracy within a republican framework.1435