Why did gum arabic become important to European traders?

Gum arabic became a significant commodity for European traders due to its versatile chemical properties and its wide range of applications in various industries. By the 19th century, it served as a primary export for the region encompassing modern-day Mauritania and the surrounding Sahelian zone.1

Its importance to European markets was driven by its utility as a water-soluble gum and emulsifier, which made it essential for:

• Manufacturing: It was widely used in the production of inks, textiles, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals.234
• Artistic Applications: It served as a vital fixative and binder in watercolours, tempera paints, and [photography].2
• Food Industry: Its properties as a stabilizer and coating agent made it valuable for confections and beverages.2

Because there were few satisfactory substitutes for the substance, it remained a high-demand product that facilitated significant trade activity between European nations and the Sahel region.24