Why did Chinese people boycott foreign goods after the Washington Conference of 1922?

Following the Washington Conference of 1922, Chinese citizens in cities like Shanghai initiated boycotts of foreign goods because the agreements reached by the United Kingdom, the United States, and Japan failed to satisfy Chinese demands for national sovereignty.1

While the Nine-Power Pact signed at the conference affirmed China's territorial integrity, it did not address key Chinese proposals regarding the abolition of extraterritoriality or the restoration of tariff autonomy, instead relegating these issues to further study. Additionally, although Japan agreed to return former German holdings in Shandong, the conditions of the transfer left Japan with significant privileges in the province. These outcomes, perceived as insufficient and oppressive, fueled growing political awareness and anti-imperialist sentiment among students, intellectuals, and the working class, leading to organized boycotts against foreign economic domination.231