Which major Sumerian city-states existed during the 3rd millennium BCE?

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By the 3rd millennium BCE, Sumer—located in the southernmost part of Mesopotamia—was home to at least 12 separate city-states. Each of these states consisted of a walled city along with its surrounding villages and agricultural land, and each maintained its own deity and temple as the central structure of the city.1

The major Sumerian city-states during this period included:

While these cities were initially governed by their citizens, increasing rivalries between them led to the adoption of kingship as a standard institution. Over the course of the millennium, powerful city-states like Kish, Erech, Ur, and Lagash vied for regional ascendancy.1