Which ancient empires used Pataliputra as their capital?
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Bihar
Mahabodhi Buddhist temple, built in the 2nd century ce, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India.
Pataliputra, located near modern-day Patna, served as the capital for several significant ancient Indian powers. Founded in the 5th century BCE by Ajatashatru, it became the capital of the kingdom of Magadha under his son, Udayin.1
The city subsequently served as the imperial seat for the following dynasties:
- Nanda dynasty: Held power during the 4th century BCE.2
- Mauryan Empire: Ruled from the city during the 3rd and early 2nd centuries BCE, governing much of the Indian subcontinent.12
- Shunga dynasty: Governed from Pataliputra following the decline of the Mauryas until approximately 73 BCE.1
- Gupta dynasty: Re-established the city as their capital in the 4th century CE during a period of renewed preeminence for the region.12
Pataliputra remained a vital center of political power and learning until it eventually declined and was deserted by the 7th century CE.1