Tien Shan: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Until the late 20th century, literature on the Tien Shan was limited to scientific papers, such as the following articles, all translated from Russian: N.A. Gvozdetskii, “Spectra of Altitude Zonation of Mountain Landscapes of the USSR’s Alpine System Gissaro-Alai and Tien-Shan,” Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta, Seriia V, Geografiia, 1:30–35 (1988), studying the use of natural resources in mountainous zones in the development of the economy, recreation, and tourism; and A.G. Tarakanov, “Structure and Evolution of Slope Rock Glaciers (Inner Tien-Shan and Terskei-Alatau Ridge),” Geomorfologiya, no. 3, pp. 70–76 (1988). More recent scholarly treatments include Mark B. Allen, Stephen J. Vincent, and Paul J. Wheeler, “Late Cenozoic Tectonics of the Kepingtage Thrust Zone: Interactions of the Tien Shan and Tarim Basin, Northwest China,” Tectonics, 18(4):639–654 (1999); Erik Thorson Brown et al., “Estimation of Slip Rates in the Southern Tien Shan Using Cosmic Ray Exposure Dating of Abandoned Alluvial Fans,” Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(3):377–386 (March 1998); A. Yin et al., “Late Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Chinese Tian Shan,” Tectonics, 17(1):1–27 (1998); and K.Ye. Abdrakhmatov et al., “Relatively Recent Construction of the Tien Shan Inferred From GPS Measurements of Present-Day Crustal Deformation Rates,” Nature, 384(6608):450–454 (December 1996).

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Solomon Ilich Bruk
    Former Chief Researcher, Institute of Ethnography, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow. Author of several books on ethnic demography.
  • Nigel John Roger Allan
  • Yelizaveta Yakovlevna Rantsman
    Leading Scientist, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Author of numerous articles on geography.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Changed spelling of “Uighur” to “Uyghur.” Sep 26, 2022
Add new Web site: World Wildlife Fund - Tian Shan montane conifer forests. Jan 28, 2019
Media added. May 06, 2011
Geologic time data updated. Oct 06, 2009
Added new Web site: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences - The Tian Shan Mountains. Apr 16, 2009
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Geography - The Tien Shan Mountains. Mar 27, 2009
Added new Web site: Adventure travel - Tien Shan. Mar 27, 2009
Article thoroughly revised. Apr 06, 2007
Bibliography revised. Apr 06, 2007
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
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