Thurston Lava Tube

The Thurston Lava Tube is a natural tunnel in Hawaii, formed by flowing lava. Lava tubes are the longest and most complex type of volcanic cave, created when rivers of lava flow downslope from a volcanic vent.1

Formation of Lava Tubes

Lava tubes develop in fluid lava, particularly basaltic types like pahoehoe. As lava flows, its surface begins to cool and solidify, forming a crust. This crust can eventually enclose the molten lava, creating a tunnel. When the lava supply is cut off, the remaining lava drains out, leaving behind a hollow tube.1

Characteristics and Location

The roof of a lava tube is made of solidified lava, and its floor may be covered with sand or other materials washed in by water. Sometimes, the roof collapses, creating openings called skylights. These tubes are typically found in recent lava flows, less than 20 million years old, as they are easily destroyed by erosion. The Thurston Lava Tube itself is a 450-foot (135-meter) tunnel located east of the Kilauea caldera on the island of Hawaii. Lava caves are found in volcanic regions worldwide, including the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Hawaii.1234