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Taunton, city, Bristol county, southeastern Massachusetts, U.S., on the Taunton River, 33 miles (53 km) south of Boston. Elizabeth Poole, an early proprietor, was said to have purchased the site from Native Americans in 1638. It was organized as a town in 1639 and later named for Taunton, England. During the King Philip’s War (1675–76) it served as a base of operations. In 1684 its citizens’ refusal to pay taxes levied by Governor Edmund Andros...