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Pyrenees
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Aneto Peak, Pyrenees Map of Europe highlighting the Pyrenees mountain range in orange along the border between France and Spain, with the small country of Andorra also shown nestled within the range. Surrounding countries, major bodies of water, and a locator inset of Europe are included for context. Rocky grassy foreground leading to rugged mountain peaks under a clear blue sky in the central Pyrenees, Pyrenees National Park. Pyrenees: Collarada massif Mountainous landscape of the Tena Valley in Aragon, Spain, with a small village and church by a reflective lake, green hills, and rugged peaks in the background. Seo de Urgel Cows grazing high in the central Pyrenees, Huesca province, Spain. Color-coded thematic map of Europe showing the distribution of major ethnic culture areas, with distinct regions representing groups such as Celtic, Germanic, Slavic, Romance, Baltic, Finno-Ugric, and others, as indicated by the legend at the bottom. Boundaries highlight cultural rather than political divisions.
At a Glance
Rocky grassy foreground leading to rugged mountain peaks under a clear blue sky in the central Pyrenees, Pyrenees National Park.
Pyrenees summary
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Pyrenees: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

General surveys include the classic works Henry Myhill, The Spanish Pyrenees (1966); François Taillefer (ed.), Les PyrĂ©nĂ©es: de la montagne Ă  l’homme (1974); Georges Viers, Les PyrĂ©nĂ©es, 3rd ed. (1973); and Claude Dendaletche, PyrĂ©nĂ©es (1982). Paul G. Bahn, Pyrenean Prehistory: A Palaeoeconomic Survey of the French Sites (1983); and Daniel Alexander GĂłmez-Ibåñez, The Western Pyrenees: Differential Evolution of the French and Spanish Borderland (1975), are historical geographies. Works on human geography include Neil Lands, History, People, and Places in the French Pyrenees (1980); and Martin F. Price, Mountain Research in Europe: An Overview of MAB [Man and the Biosphere] Research from the Pyrenees to Siberia (1995). Bob Gibbons and Paul Davies, The Pyrenees (1990), is a broad overview for the general reader.

Thomas M. Poulsen

Article Contributors

Primary Contributors

  • Thomas M. Poulsen
  • FrĂ©dĂ©ric OgĂ©
    Research staff member, National Centre for Scientific Research, France.
  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Contributors

  • Rasoul Shiri

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The non-cylindrical crustal architecture of the Pyrenees. Oct 08, 2026
Add new Web site: Academia - The Beginning of High Mountain Occupations in the Pyrenees. Human Settlements and Mobility from 18,000 cal BC to 2000 cal BC (PDF). Feb 28, 2025
Add new Web site: DIGITAL.CSIC - Geological features of Variscan Pyrenees (PDF). Dec 06, 2024
Add new Web site: One Earth - Pyrenees Conifer and Mixed Forests. Nov 24, 2023
Add new Web site: UNESCO World Heritage Convention - Pyrïżœnïżœes - Mont Perdu. Aug 02, 2023
Map added. Jun 14, 2023
Add new Web site: USGS - Glaciers of Europe - Glaciers of the Pyrenees, Spain ad France. Feb 16, 2023
Corrected display issue. Jan 10, 2020
Add new Web site: Livius - Pyrenees. Feb 08, 2019
Geological origin of the Pyrenees clarified. Sep 02, 2016
Add new Web site: Fact Monster - World - Pyrenees Mountain. Nov 11, 2011
Media added. Jul 23, 2008
Bibliography revised and updated. Jul 23, 2008
Article revised and updated. Jul 23, 2008
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - Geography - The Pyrenees. Jul 17, 2008
Added new Web site: MountainBug.Com - The Pyrenees. Apr 27, 2008
Added new Web site: Rolf Hicker - The Pyrenees. Apr 27, 2008
Added new Web site: World Atlas.Com - The Pyrenees. Apr 27, 2008
Added new Web site: Official site of the Pyrenees Shire Council. Aug 21, 2007
Added new Web site: Ministry of Culture - Prehistoric Art of the Pyrenees.
  • Gaurav Shukla
 Dec 17, 2006
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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