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Penrith, city, east-central New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the Nepean River, a section of the Hawkesbury River. Founded in 1815, it was known as Evan and Castlereagh before being renamed for Penrith in Cumberland (now in Cumbria), England. It was declared a municipality in 1871 and a city in 1959. A suburb of Sydney (30 miles [50 km] east), to which it is linked by rail and the Great Western Highway, Penrith is...