Northern Ontario

Northern Ontario is a vast region covering approximately 350,000 square miles (900,000 square km) and forms part of the ancient Canadian Shield. This area is characterized by numerous lakes and rivers, muskeg, and rugged, forested terrain. While generally a low plateau, it contains the province's highest point, Ishpatina Ridge. Northern Ontario's rich mineral deposits, extensive forests, and hydroelectric power potential are significant sources of wealth.1

The climate in Northern Ontario varies significantly. Areas near the Great Lakes experience over 100 frost-free days annually, while the Hudson Bay area has a much shorter frost-free period of about 40 days. Vegetation consists mainly of boreal forest species like spruce and pine, with tundra along the Hudson Bay coast. Settlement in Northern Ontario is primarily linked to major industries and transportation routes, with cities like Thunder Bay and Sudbury being key centers for mining and transshipment.234