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Muskogee, city, seat (1907) of Muskogee county, east-central Oklahoma, U.S. It is located near the confluence of the Verdigris, Grand (Neosho), and Arkansas rivers, is surrounded by lakes, and lies southeast of Tulsa. Founded in 1872 on the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad and named for the Muskogee (or Upper Creek) Indians, it became the agency headquarters for the so-called Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole), which had been forcibly relocated from the eastern United...