Maṣyāf

…most important of which was Maṣyāf. From this fortress the Syrian grand master, the legendary Rashīd al-Dīn al-Sinān, ruled virtually independently of the Nizārī base at Alamūt. Rashīd and his successor chiefs were known as the shaykh al-jabal (Arabic: “mountain chief”), which was mistranslated by the Crusaders as the “old…