Lower Iraq

Lower Iraq, also known as Al-Sawād, refers to the alluvial plains of ancient Mesopotamia, located in the central and southeastern parts of modern-day Iraq. This region, situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is historically significant as one of the cradles of civilization. The fertile land, enriched by annual river floods, supported early human settlements, the development of agriculture, and the rise of complex societies and early empires. The plains extend from Balad on the Tigris and Al-Ramādī on the Euphrates down to the Persian Gulf, covering a substantial area of Iraq. Historically, Lower Iraq was a key region, with major urban centers like Basra and Kufah.1234