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Lafayette, city, seat (1824) of Lafayette parish, south-central Louisiana, U.S., on the Vermilion River 55 miles (88 km) southwest of Baton Rouge. The area was first settled by exiled Acadians from Nova Scotia in 1763. The earliest village, Vermilionville, was established in 1824 but was renamed for the French general the marquis de Lafayette in 1884. Until World War II the economy was dependent upon intensive sugarcane, cotton, and corn (maize) cultivation. After the war...