Kummuhu

Kummuhu, also known as Commagene, was a historical state located in southeastern Anatolia, in modern-day Turkey. It was a Luwian stronghold that existed after the fall of the Hittite Empire. Kummuhu was a tributary state to the Urartian kingdom around 745 BCE, as noted by Assyrian king Sarduri II.1

The region of Anatolia, where Kummuhu was situated, served as a bridge between the Greek world and the ancient Middle East. Following the collapse of the Hittite Empire, various groups, including the Sea Peoples and the Phrygians, migrated into the area, leading to the emergence of numerous small local powers. Kummuhu eventually ceased to exist as a separate state around 708 BCE when it was incorporated into Assyrian provincial territory.1