- Chinese (Pinyin):
- Kashi or
- (Wade-Giles romanization):
- K’a-shih
- Also spelled:
- Kaxgar
Kashgar
-
What is Kashgar?
Kashgar is an oasis city in China's western Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, located at the Tarim Basin's western end. It has historically been a significant trading center due to its location at the foot of the Pamirs, where the Tien Shan and Kunlun Mountains meet. This allowed Kashgar to command historical caravan routes like the Silk Road.
The Chinese first took Kashgar in the 2nd century BCE. Control shifted between different groups until the Qing dynasty reoccupied it in 1755. The oasis is fertile, producing various crops and handicrafts, and is linked to other regions by railway and highways. Kashgar is also known for its handwoven rugs.
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Where is Kashgar located in China?
Kashgar, also known as Kashi, is an oasis city in China's far western Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. It lies at the western end of the Tarim Basin, in a fertile oasis of loess and alluvial soils. Watered by the Kaxgar River and a series of wells, the area has an extremely arid climate.
Historically, Kashgar has been an important trading center, commanding caravan routes of the famed Silk Road westward to Europe.
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What is Kashgar famous for?
Kashgar, a city in China's Xinjiang region, is famous as a trading center. Its location at the foot of the Pamirs, where the Tien Shan and Kunlun Mountains meet, historically made it a key point on caravan routes like the Silk Road to Europe, Kashmir, and Ürümqi.
Kashgar's fertile oasis supports diverse agriculture, including wheat, cotton, fruits, and various handicrafts such as textiles, rugs, and leatherware. The city is connected by railway to Ürümqi and by highways to Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, further enhancing its role as a regional hub.
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Who are the main people living in Kashgar?
Kashgar, or Kashi, is an oasis city in China's Xinjiang region, located at the western end of the Tarim Basin. Xinjiang is home to over 40 ethnic groups, with the Uyghurs and Han Chinese being the largest. Other groups include the Hui (Chinese Muslims), Mongolians, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Tatars, and Russians. The population in 2002 was approximately 229,408.
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How has Kashgar's location influenced its history?
Kashgar's location has been pivotal to its history, primarily as a trading center. Situated at the foot of the Pamirs, where the Tien Shan and Kunlun Mountains meet, it commanded historical caravan routes, including the famed Silk Road westward to Europe and routes south to Kashmir and north to Ürümqi.
Its location made it a valuable asset, leading to occupations by the Chinese, Yuezhi, Turks, Uighurs, Karakitai, and Mongols. Kashgar was sacked by Timur in the late 14th century and reoccupied by the Qing dynasty in 1755.
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What are some important cultural traditions in Kashgar?
Kashgar's cultural traditions reflect its location along the ancient Silk Road. The city is known for handicrafts such as cotton and silk textiles, felts, rugs, leatherware, and pottery. The Uyghur people, who are the dominant group in the region, have a culture centered around the village and rooted in Islam. A popular Uyghur performing art is muqam, which features ancient songs and dances accompanied by traditional instruments. Kashgar rugs are well-known and difficult to distinguish from those of Khotan and Yarkand.
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Kashgar, oasis city, western Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang, far western China. Kashgar lies at the western end of the Tarim Basin, in a fertile oasis of loess (silt deposited by the wind) and alluvial soils watered by the Kaxgar (Kashgar) River and by a series of wells. The climate of the area is extremely arid, with variable precipitation averaging about 3 inches (75 mm) per year (most falling as rain during the hot summer months). Average temperatures range from 21 °F (−6 °C) in January to 79 °F (26 °C) in July.
Kashgar’s historical importance has been primarily as a trading centre. Situated at the foot of the Pamirs (mountains) where the ranges of the Tien Shan and the Kunlun Mountains join, Kashgar commanded historical caravan routes—notably the famed Silk Road westward to Europe via the Fergana Valley of present-day Uzbekistan, as well as routes going south to the Kashmir region and north to Ürümqi (Urumchi) and the Ili (Yili) River valley.
The Chinese first occupied Kashgar at the end of the 2nd century bce, taking it from the Yuezhi people, who had been driven out of Gansu province. Chinese control, however, did not survive the 1st century ce, when the Yuezhi reoccupied the area. After complex waves of conquest by peoples from the north and east had swept over the area, the Chinese again conquered it during the late 7th and early 8th centuries under the Tang dynasty (618–907), but it was always on the farthest frontier of Chinese control. After 752 the Chinese were again forced to withdraw, and Kashgar was successively occupied by the Turks, the Uighurs (in the 10th and 11th centuries), the Karakitai (12th century), and the Mongols (in 1219), under whom the overland traffic between China and Central Asia flourished as never before. In the late 14th century, Kashgar was sacked by Timur (Tamerlane), and in the next centuries it suffered many wars. It was finally reoccupied by the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12) in 1755. In the period from 1862 to 1875, Kashgar first was a centre of the Muslim Rebellion and then became the capital of the Muslim general Yakub Beg. Another Muslim rebellion, led by Ma Zhongyang, took place in the area from 1928 to 1937 but was finally suppressed by the provincial warlord Sheng Shicai with Soviet aid. Control by the Chinese central government was not restored until 1943.
The oasis is highly fertile, growing wheat, corn (maize), barley, rice, beans, and a great deal of cotton. The oasis also produces fruit and is known for its melons, grapes, peaches, apricots, and cherries. There is some fishing in the rivers of the oasis. The oasis peoples engage in a variety of handicrafts; both cotton and silk textiles are produced, together with felts, rugs, furs, leatherware, and pottery. Some copper is produced in the area, which also ships wool, hides, and a variety of animal products to other parts of China. The city is linked by railway to Ürümqi, the capital of Xinjiang, and there are highways to Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Pop. (2002 est.) 229,408.