Karnāli River

The Karnali River, also known as the Ghaghara River in its lower course, is a major left-bank tributary of the Ganges River. It originates in the high Himalayas of southern Tibet, China, and flows southeast through Nepal. After cutting across the Siwalik Range, it rejoins its branches south of the Indian border and continues through Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states before entering the Ganges. The river's flow is influenced by the South Asian monsoon and glacial melt from the Himalayas. Its hydrology is also affected by the Siwalik Range, which it cuts through. The Karnali River, along with other tributaries, contributes to forming the vast alluvial plain of northern Uttar Pradesh.1