How did Babur establish Mughal rule in northern India in 1526?

Babur established Mughal rule in northern India in 1526 primarily by defeating the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, at the First Battle of Panipat on April 21, 1526.123

Despite commanding a significantly smaller army than Lodi’s forces, Babur secured victory through superior military tactics and technology. His success was attributed to:13

• Advanced Technology: Babur utilized artillery and matchlocks acquired from the Ottoman Empire, which proved decisive against Lodi’s antiquated, elephant-heavy army.13
• Tactical Maneuvers: He employed coordinated formations, including a barrier of wagons to protect his center, and executed effective flanking maneuvers with his cavalry.13
• Leadership: Babur maintained composure under fire and utilized "Turkish wheeling tactics" to bewilder and divide the dispirited enemy forces.3

Following the battle, Babur quickly occupied Delhi and Agra, laying the foundation for the Mughal Empire, which would dominate the Indian subcontinent for over two centuries.453