Gobir

Gobir was a historical kingdom in what is now northern Nigeria, part of the Hausa states. These states, including Kano, Katsina, and Zaria, were centralized polities with walled cities and monarchical governments. Islam was introduced to the Hausa states in the 14th century, strengthening their governance and trade.12

In the late 18th century, Gobir was a militant Hausa kingdom facing pressure from Tuareg groups. The ruling class sought expansion southward, leading to conflict. Usman dan Fodio, a Fulani cleric, initiated a jihad in 1804, aiming to establish a more strictly Islamic rule. This revolt led to the overthrow of many Hausa rulers and the eventual formation of the Fulani Empire, with Sokoto and Gwandu as its capitals. The original kingdom of Gobir was destroyed in this process.32