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Gila River, river rising in southwestern New Mexico, U.S., in the Elk Mountains, near the Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument. The river, draining 58,100 sq miles (150,500 sq km), flows 630 miles (1,015 km) west and southwest over desert land to the Colorado River at Yuma, Arizona. Its chief tributaries are the San Francisco, which it receives near Clifton, Arizona, the San Pedro, the Santa Cruz, the Salt (the major tributary from the northeast), and...