Fraser River
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What is the Fraser River?
The Fraser River, located in western North America, is a major river that drains a scenic region of British Columbia, Canada. The river stretches 851 miles (1,370 km) from its source at Yellowhead Lake, on the British Columbia-Alberta border, to its mouth at the Strait of Georgia. Named after Simon Fraser, who first traveled it to the Pacific Ocean in 1808, the river flows through a deep canyon and across an alluvial plain near Vancouver. The Thompson River is its most important tributary. The economy of the Fraser River basin relies mainly on forestry and is a major producer of salmon in British Columbia.
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Where is the Fraser River located?
The Fraser River is a major river in western North America, specifically in central British Columbia, Canada, draining a scenic region of approximately 92,000 square miles (238,000 square km). From its source at Yellowhead Lake on the British Columbia–Alberta border, it flows 851 miles (1,370 km) to its mouth at the Strait of Georgia near Vancouver, B.C. The river's course runs northwestward initially, then bends southward to traverse the Interior Plateau and Coast Mountains. The Fraser River valley and canyon are home to service centers such as Hope, Lytton, and Lillooet. The river was named after Simon Fraser, who traveled down it to the Pacific Ocean in 1808.
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How long is the Fraser River and where does it flow?
The Fraser River, named after Simon Fraser, stretches 851 miles (1,370 km) from its source at Yellowhead Lake on the British Columbia–Alberta border to its mouth at the Strait of Georgia. The river flows through a scenic region of British Columbia, draining approximately 92,000 square miles (238,000 square km). Its course runs northwest initially, then bends southward to traverse the Interior Plateau and Coast Mountains before turning westward across an alluvial plain to its mouth near Vancouver, B.C. The Thompson River is the most important of the Fraser's numerous tributaries. The Fraser is the only major river lying entirely within British Columbia.
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Why is the Fraser River important for fish, especially salmon?
The Fraser River in British Columbia is a major salmon producer; its tributaries and headwater lakes serve as spawning grounds for several salmon species. Salmon migrate upriver in late summer to spawn, and the following year, they travel downstream, spending the next two to three years in the ocean. As anadromous fish, salmon live in the sea and migrate to fresh water to breed, adapting specifically to different habitats and water salinity. After migrating thousands of kilometers in the ocean for one to three years, trout and salmon have a homing instinct, which is the ability to return to the stream of their birth. It is generally accepted that smell plays the major role in guiding an anadromous trout or salmon to its precise natal stream once it enters a river drainage from the ocean.
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What are some major cities and communities along the Fraser River?
The Fraser River, a major river in western North America, flows for 851 miles (1,370 km) through central British Columbia. A society of valley dwellers has formed around the mountains and waters that surround the river.
Major cities and communities along the Fraser River include:
* Prince George, located at the confluence of the Nechako and Fraser rivers
* Hope, Lytton, and Lillooet, which serve as service centers along the river's valley and canyon
* Vancouver, which lies near the Fraser River delta
* New Westminster, a port in the tidal estuary that accommodates deep-sea shipsKamloops is also a regional center in the area.
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How has the Fraser River influenced the history and economy of British Columbia?
The Fraser River has significantly shaped British Columbia's history and economy. Named after Simon Fraser, who explored it in 1808, the river's basin was the site of the Cariboo gold rush that began in 1858. This gold rush transformed the region and opened the mainland to settlements.
Forestry is a mainstay in the Fraser River basin, with forest products transported to Vancouver or eastward by rail. The Fraser River is also British Columbia's major salmon producer; its tributaries serve as spawning grounds.
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Fraser River, major river of western North America, draining a huge, scenic region of some 92,000 square miles (238,000 square km) in central British Columbia. About 70 percent of the region drained is over 3,000 feet (900 m) high, and human exploitation of this rather isolated area has been relatively recent. The natural beauties of the river course (particularly its spectacular canyon section) and the surrounding countryside have nevertheless remained relatively unspoiled. The river was named for Simon Fraser, who first descended it to the Pacific Ocean in 1808. The Cariboo gold rush, which began in 1858, took place in the Fraser River basin.
From its source in Yellowhead Lake on the British Columbia–Alberta border, the Fraser flows 851 miles (1,370 km) to its mouth on the Strait of Georgia. From its mountain source, the river’s course is initially northwestward, descending by gentle gradients along the Rocky Mountain trench. Near latitude 54° N the river makes a great bend southward to traverse the Interior Plateau and then the Coast Mountains. Entrenchment and gradients increase progressively downstream, and through the Coast Mountains the raging waters traverse a canyon about 5,000 feet (1,500 m) deep. Below this canyon the Fraser turns westward to flow placidly across an alluvial plain to its debouchment near Vancouver, B.C. The Thompson River, which enters the Fraser about 145 miles (235 km) from its mouth, is the most important of numerous tributaries, many of which rise in extensive mountain lakes. Navigation is important only in the tidal estuary where New Westminster serves deep-sea ships.
The economy of the Fraser River basin is based mainly on forestry. Coniferous forests cover most of the Interior Plateau, except in the dry, southern valleys, which are covered with narrow strips of grassland on the lower slopes. Prior to 1940 small sawmills cut a little lumber along the three railway lines that crossed the basin. After 1950, however, the northward extension of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway (subsequently called the British Columbia Railway) and the improvement of highway facilities increased the accessibility of the forests and the merging of smaller companies, together with the introduction of pulp mills, consuming chips and small trees, heightened the utilization of forest resources. Forest products are either transported to Vancouver for overseas markets or are taken eastward by rail to central Canada and the midwestern United States. The turbulent Fraser River itself is not actually used in the forestry industry, even for the transport of logs to the sawmills.
Agriculture has not developed greatly within the river basin, except for cattle ranching on the grasslands and upper level parklands in the Chilcotin Plateau, west of the Fraser River, and the Nicola Valley, south of the Thompson River. Ranching was established in the 1860s to supply the gold mining camps and then, after gold mining declined, to supply meat to the growing city of Vancouver.
The Fraser River is the major producer of salmon in British Columbia, and its tributaries and headwater lakes are the spawning grounds of several species of salmon. These salmon ascend the river in late summer to spawn and then go downstream the following year to spend the next two or three years in the ocean. Because of these migratory habits, salmon fishing takes place mainly off the Fraser River mouth, and only Indians have fishing rights in the river basin itself. Hydroelectric exploitation of the river system may eventually threaten salmon migration.