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Fertile Crescent
Introduction References & Edit History Related Topics
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Map showing the ancient Fertile Crescent, highlighting the regions of Babylonia and Assyria around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The green-shaded area traces the arc of early civilization from the Persian Gulf through Mesopotamia and up to the eastern Mediterranean, including notable ancient cities such as Babylon, Ur, Nineveh, and Assur. An inset map outlines the modern countries that now occupy this region, including Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, and surrounding nations. Map highlighting the Fertile Crescent in green, spanning the river valleys of the Nile in Egypt and the Tigris and Euphrates in Mesopotamia, and curving through regions labeled as Lower and Upper Egypt, Phoenicia, Palestine, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Elam, and Media in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East.

Fertile Crescent: References & Edit History

Article Contributors

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  • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
    Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Invalidated site: Michigan State University - The Fertile Crescent (Ecologies). Nov 05, 2026
Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Fertile Crescent. Jun 17, 2026
Add new Web site: CORE - Impact of Water Reallocation on the Economy in the Fertile Crescent (PDF). Dec 19, 2025
Add new Web site: CORE - Impact of Water Reallocation on the Economy in the Fertile Crescent (PDF). Aug 14, 2025
Add new Web site: Michigan State University - The Fertile Crescent (Ecologies). Mar 13, 2025
Revised media. Jan 21, 2025
Add new Web site: The University of Warwick - The complex origins of domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent (PDF). Jan 08, 2025
Add new Web site: Nature - Neolithic hydroclimatic change and water resources exploitation in the Fertile Crescent. May 31, 2024
Add new Web site: College of DuPage Digital Press - The Eastern World: Daily Readings on Geography - North Africa and the Middle East: Regional Example οΏ½ The Fertile Crescent. Mar 08, 2024
Add new Web site: University of Chicago News - The Fertile Crescent, explained. Jan 25, 2024
Add new Web site: Academia - Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent, from the deep past to the modern conflict (PDF). Jun 16, 2023
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Long Term Population, City Size and Climate Trends in the Fertile Crescent: A First Approximation. Mar 25, 2023
Add new Web site: Ancient Origins - A Functional and Fertile Crescent: Technological Advancements in the Cradle of Civilization. Dec 30, 2022
Corrected display issue. Mar 08, 2019
Article revised. Sep 04, 2015
Add new Web site: World History Encyclopedia - Agriculture in the Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia. Jan 10, 2014
Added an updated map of the fertile crescent. Jan 13, 2010
Added new Web site: How Stuff Works - History - Fertile Crescent. Oct 17, 2008
Article revised. Apr 15, 2004
Article added to new online database. Jul 20, 1998
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