Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of two main political entities within Bosnia and Herzegovina, established by the Dayton Accords in 1995. It is a decentralized federation primarily composed of Bosniaks and Croats. The other entity is the Republika Srpska, predominantly populated by Serbs.

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in the western Balkan Peninsula, known for its rich ethnic and religious diversity, with Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and Roman Catholicism being the main faiths, generally corresponding to Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats, respectively. The country's history is marked by influences from various empires and its position between Serbia and Croatia, which has often made it vulnerable to nationalist territorial claims. Following the disintegration of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence in 1992, leading to a devastating war characterized by ethnic cleansing. The Dayton Accords ended the conflict but created a fragile, decentralized state with significant international oversight.1234