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Fairfield, city, seat (1838) of Jefferson county, southeastern Iowa, U.S., halfway between Mount Pleasant (east) and Ottumwa (west). Settled in 1839, Fairfield was the site (1854) of the first Iowa State Fair (now held in Des Moines). It was named by an early settler, Mrs. Rhodam Bonnifield, for the natural beauty of the area. Railroads reached Fairfield in 1858, spurring the area’s development. Fairfield is now a trade and industrial centre producing dairy products, feed,...