At a Glance
Eritrea: References & Edit History
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Additional Reading
A concise survey of ethnic groups living in Eritrea at the close of World War II is found in S.F. Nadel, Races and Tribes of Eritrea (1944). Tekeste Negash, Italian Colonialism in Eritrea, 1882–1941 (1987), surveys Italian colonialism and its impact on the people of Eritrea. G.K.N. Trevaskis, Eritrea: A Colony in Transition, 1941–52 (1960, reprinted 1975), recounts the political struggle over the fate of Eritrea in this time period. An account that reflects the Ethiopian point of view is Haggai Erlich, The Struggle Over Eritrea, 1962–1978 (1983). John Markakis, National and Class Conflict in the Horn of Africa (1987), includes an account of the Eritrean nationalist movement and the war of independence. Jordan Gebre-Medhin, Peasants and Nationalism in Eritrea (1989), analyzes Eritrean history from a nationalist perspective.
Article Contributors
Primary Contributors
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Geoffrey Charles Last
Former Adviser, Imperial Ethiopian Ministry of Education and Fine Arts, Addis Ababa.
- John Markakis
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The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Country Profile: Removed Literacy rate and updated footnotes. | Aug 03, 2026 | ||
| Revised caption text. | May 20, 2026 | ||
| Country Profile: Cross-reference added. | Nov 24, 2025 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Oxford - Faculty of History - Conflict between Tigray and Eritrea � the long standing faultline in Ethiopian politics. | Aug 08, 2024 | ||
| In the History section, revised text regarding the origin of the Aksumite kingdom. | Apr 11, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: CRW Flags - Flag of Eritrea. | Dec 26, 2023 | ||
| Link added. | Jul 14, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: GlobalEDGE - Eritrea: Introduction. | Dec 01, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Eritrea. | Aug 25, 2022 | ||
| Add new Web site: Interesting Facts for Kids - Interesting Eritrea Facts. | Oct 21, 2019 | ||
| In the People section, expanded discussion of demographic data. | Jul 25, 2019 | ||
| In the Economy section, updated trade data. | Jul 25, 2019 | ||
| Corrected display issue. | Jan 11, 2019 | ||
| In the History section, updated with improved relations with nearby countries and the lifting of UN sanctions in November 2018. | Nov 29, 2018 | ||
| In the History section, updated with the end of the war with Ethiopia and the diplomatic changes that accompanied it. | Jul 19, 2018 | ||
| Add new Web site: Official Site of Eritrean Embassies and Consulates. | Jun 21, 2018 | ||
| Country Profile: Expanded country profile. | Jan 17, 2018 | ||
| Added locator map to the Introduction. | Jun 22, 2017 | ||
| Updated for the development of the Bisha mine. | Jun 15, 2017 | ||
| In People section, added data charts. | Jun 15, 2017 | ||
| Changed "The Sudan" to "Sudan." | Jun 15, 2017 | ||
| Add new Web site: National Geographic - Eritrea Facts. | Dec 06, 2016 | ||
| Add new Web site: Easy Science for Kids - Eritrea. | Dec 06, 2016 | ||
| Country Profile: Updated form of government. | May 24, 2016 | ||
| People section revised regarding the name of the Tigray. | Jan 19, 2015 | ||
| Indicated Tigrinya as a name for the people in the Eritrean highlands who speak the Tigrinya language. | Dec 02, 2014 | ||
| In People section, changed "The Sudan" to "Sudan." | Dec 02, 2014 | ||
| In People section, updated religion discussion. | Dec 02, 2014 | ||
| Add new Web site: Lonely Planet - Eritrea, Africa. | Feb 10, 2014 | ||
| Country Profile: Footnote revised for form of government. | Mar 06, 2013 | ||
| Add new Web site: Maps of World - Eritrea Map. | Dec 14, 2012 | ||
| Country Profile: Added name of head of state and head of government, along with urban-rural, life expectancy, literacy, and GNI per capita statistics. | Feb 27, 2012 | ||
| Country Profile: Changed Form of government. | Feb 08, 2011 | ||
| National anthem added. | Dec 21, 2010 | ||
| Country Profile: Updated area and population figures. | Feb 03, 2010 | ||
| Country Profile: Updated Official name; updated Form of government; update Official language. | Nov 10, 2009 | ||
| Land section revised and updated. | Jul 22, 2009 | ||
| People section revised and updated. | Jul 22, 2009 | ||
| History section revised and updated. | Jul 22, 2009 | ||
| Government and society section revised and updated. | Jul 22, 2009 | ||
| Economy section revised and updated. | Jul 22, 2009 | ||
| Introduction revised and updated. | Jul 22, 2009 | ||
| Ethnic groups and languages section revised and updated. | Jul 22, 2009 | ||
| Added new Web site: National Geographic - Travel and Cultures - Eritrea. | Apr 20, 2009 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Dec 14, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Library of Congress - Eritrea - Selected Internet Resources. | Aug 08, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Eritrea. | Jul 25, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: University of Pennsylvania: African Studies Center - Eritrea. | Jun 27, 2006 | ||
| Added new Web site: University of Pennsylvania: African Studies Center - Eritrea. | Jun 27, 2006 | ||
| Article revised. | Nov 09, 2001 | ||
| Article revised. | Jan 13, 2000 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 26, 1999 |
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