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Dunfermline, royal burgh and town, Fife council area and historic county, eastern Scotland, situated on high ground 3 miles (5 km) inland from the Firth of Forth. Early Celtic monks had a settlement there, but the community really developed around the Benedictine abbey (c. 1072). During the Middle Ages Dunfermline was one of the seats of the kings of Scotland, and ruins of the royal residence of that time survive in Pittencrieff Park. At least...