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Courland, region on the Baltic seacoast, located south of the Western Dvina River and named after its inhabitants, the Latvian tribe of Curonians (Kurs, Cori, Cours; Latvian: Kursi). The duchy of Courland, formed in 1561, included this area as well as Semigallia (Zemgale), a region located east of Courland proper. After the Order of the Brothers of the Sword (from 1237 the Livonian Knights, or Order of the Teutonic Knights of Livonia) conquered the Latvian...