ConstanČa
ConstanČa, city, capital of ConstanČa judeČ (county), southeastern Romania, on the Black Sea. Situated about 125 miles (200 km) east of Bucharest, it is the countryās principal seaport. Since 1960 a coastal conurbation stretching from NÄvodari to Mangalia, including the principal Black Sea resort, Mamaia (5 miles [8 km] north), has been administered from ConstanČa.
The first record of a settlement is at the ancient city of Tomis, founded in the 7th century bc by Greek settlers from Miletus in Anatolia. The Romans annexed the regionāknown to them as Scythia Minorāin the 1st century bc; and in the 4th century ad Tomis was reconstructed by Constantine the Great and renamed Constantiana. It was the place of exile of the Roman poet Ovid in ad 9ā17. Between the 6th century and the Turkish conquest in the early 15th century, the entire region was subject to invasions by the Goths, Huns, Avars, Gepidae, and others; under the Turks, ConstanČa (called Kƶstence, KĆ¼stenge, or Kƶstendje) declined to a village of 2,000. Its modern development as an industrial and trading centre dates from the return of the region to Romania in 1878.
ConstanČa is a centre of art and culture, with several museums and theatres. The archaeological museum has an important collection, and among Roman remains is a large mosaic tile floor. The port and dock facilities are modern and are connected by pipeline from the oil fields around PloieČti. A busy Black Sea port, ConstanČa has regular services to Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, and other nearby countries and to ports on the Mediterranean. Industrial products include pulp and paper and prefabricated concrete. It is also a food-processing centre. Pop. (2007 est.) 304,279.
