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Columbia, city, seat (1819) of Marion county, southern Mississippi, U.S. It lies on a bluff along the Pearl River, about 80 miles (130 km) south-southeast of Jackson. The site was settled as a river port in the early 1800s, and for several months in 1821 it served as the state capital. It thrived as a lumber town until 1929, when its sawmill shut down. Modern manufactures include parachutes, clothing, furniture, and electrical equipment. The John...