- Officially called:
- Chattogram
Chittagong
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Where is Chittagong located?
Chittagong is a major city and the chief port of Bangladesh, situated 12 miles (19 km) north of the Karnaphuli River's mouth, in the country's southeast. After Dhaka, it is Bangladesh's second-largest city. Chittagong's population was 2,592,439 in 2011, with a metropolitan area of 4,009,423. The lowest population density occurs in the hills of Chittagong.
Chittagong has rail and road connections with Dhaka, Comilla, and Feni to the northeast, and air links with Dhaka, Cox’s Bazar to the southwest, and international destinations. The port is central to city life and trade. Following Pakistan's creation in 1947, trade was diverted to Chittagong from Kolkata, India and the port was improved.
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Why is Chittagong important to Bangladesh?
Chittagong is vital to Bangladesh because it is the country's chief Indian Ocean port. The city has developed due to master plans that included building construction and markets. Principal industries include cotton and jute milling, chemical production, tea and match manufacturing, and engineering works. Jute, jute manufactures, tea, and naphtha are among the city’s principal exports. Chittagong is a major communications center linked to other cities by rail, road, and air. Its port is the gateway of Bangladesh for foreign trade.
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What kind of climate does Chittagong have?
Chittagong has a moist, warm, and equable climate with substantial rainfall, exceeding 100 inches (2,540 mm) annually, mainly during the summer monsoons. The area's climate is influenced by the monsoons, which create distinct wet and dry seasons. The northeast monsoon brings cool, dry weather from October to February, while the southwest monsoon, from June to September, brings intense heat and heavy rainfall. Chittagong is also prone to cyclones, which are intense tropical storms with high winds and torrential rains that occur in the spring and fall.
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What major industries can be found in Chittagong?
Chittagong is one of Bangladesh's most important industrial cities. Principal industries include cotton and jute milling, tea and match manufacturing, chemical production, and engineering works. A steel mill and a large oil refinery are also located in the city, with a pipeline connecting the refinery to an offshore terminal. Jute and jute manufactures, tea, and naphtha are among the city’s principal exports. Chittagong also has an export-processing zone and branch offices of many foreign firms and banks.
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What is the role of the Port of Chittagong?
The Port of Chittagong has been known since the early Common Era, and by the 10th century, it was known to Arab sailors. It was called Porto Grande by Portuguese and Venetian voyagers. In 1552, Joāo de Barros described the port as the most famous and wealthy city in the Kingdom of Bengal. After 1947, trade was diverted to Chittagong from Kolkata, India, and the port was improved considerably. The port became the gateway of Bangladesh for foreign trade with well-equipped facilities, numerous permanent jetties, and moorings. Jute, jute manufactures, tea, and naphtha are among the city’s principal exports.
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What are some cultural and historical attractions in Chittagong?
Chittagong, also known as Chattogram, boasts a rich history and diverse culture. Its natural harbor has been known since the early Common Era, serving as a vital port for trade and cultural exchange. The city is home to the Zia Memorial Museum, which preserves the location where Bangladeshi leader Ziaur Rahman was assassinated in 1981. The Ethnological Museum showcases the cultural heritage of the region, including the traditions of the Chakma people, the largest indigenous population in Bangladesh.
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Chittagong, city that is the chief Indian Ocean port of Bangladesh. It lies about 12 miles (19 km) north of the mouth of the Karnaphuli River, in the southeastern arm of the country. Chittagong is the second largest city in Bangladesh, after Dhaka. Pop. (2001) city, 2,023,489; metro. area, 3,265,451; (2011) city, 2,592,439; metro. area, 4,009,423.
History
Chittagong’s fine natural harbour was known to the Mediterranean world from the early Common Era and to Arab sailors by the 10th century. It was called Porto Grande by Portuguese and Venetian voyagers and was described by João de Barros in 1552 as “the most famous and wealthy city of the Kingdom of Bengal.” It has been generally identified with the city of Bengala described by early Portuguese and other writers. Conquered by the Muslims in the 14th century, Chittagong passed to the Arakanese in the next century. The piratical raids of the Arakanese and their Portuguese mercenaries led to the dispatch of a strong force by Shaista Khan, the Mughal governor (nawab) of Bengal, who in 1666 occupied the region. Chittagong was ceded to the British East India Company in 1760.
Chittagong was constituted a municipality in 1864 and grew in different directions along the main routes of transportation. Although the headquarters of the Bangladesh Railway are in Chittagong and the railway workshop is in the nearby town of Pahartali, the port remained the centre of city life and trade. After the creation of Pakistan in 1947, much trade was diverted to Chittagong from Calcutta (now Kolkata, India), and the port was improved considerably. With well-equipped facilities and numerous permanent jetties and moorings, the port became the gateway of Bangladesh for foreign trade.
The contemporary city
Present-day Chittagong was developed according to a series of master plans, which included the construction of various buildings and two sizable markets (covering an area of about 700,000 square feet [65,000 square metres]). Cotton and jute milling, tea and match manufacturing, chemical production, and engineering works are among the principal industries. Along with jute and jute manufactures, tea and naphtha are among the city’s principal exports. An iron and steel mill and a large oil refinery also are located in the city, and a large-capacity pipeline links the oil refinery with an offshore terminal.
Chittagong is a major communications centre. It is linked by rail and road with Dhaka, Comilla, and Feni (all to the northeast) and by air with Dhaka, Cox’s Bazar (to the southwest), and several international destinations, including Kolkata, Muscat (in Oman), and Dubai (in the United Arab Emirates). Among the most important industrial cities in Bangladesh, Chittagong has various manufacturing establishments that extend about 10 miles (16 km) to the north and northeast from the city proper. The city also has an export-processing zone as well as branch offices of many foreign firms and banks.
Chittagong has several hospitals, an ethnological museum, and many institutions of higher education, of which the University of Chittagong (1966) and Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (1968) are the most prominent. Nearby are a cadet college (at Faujdar Hat) and a merchant-marine academy. The Zia Memorial Museum (established 1993) preserves the location where Bangladeshi leader Ziaur Rahman was assassinated in 1981.
The area surrounding Chittagong is heavily populated and comprises a narrow strip of coast along the Bay of Bengal and ranges of low hills separated by fertile valleys. The climate is moist, warm, and equable, with a heavy rainfall amounting to more than 100 inches (2,540 mm) annually, falling mainly during the summer monsoons. The area’s chief rivers are the Karnaphuli, Feni, Halda, Sangu, and Matamuhari. The higher parts of the Chittagong Hills are forested, while the lower portions are covered predominantly with brushwood. Between the hills lie cultivated valleys that were originally filled by deposits of sand and clay washed down from the hills. Rice is the most important crop; tea is grown on low hills that are unfit for rice cultivation. Chilies and vegetables are also grown, and cane and bamboo are economically valuable forest products.
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