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Carlinville, city, seat (1829) of Macoupin county, west-central Illinois, U.S. It lies about 40 miles (65 km) southwest of Springfield. The first settlement on the site, in an area known as Black Hawk hunting ground (frequented by Sauk, Fox, and Kickapoo Indians), was made about 1815. The community was founded in 1828 and named for Governor Thomas Carlin. Agriculture (chiefly corn [maize] and soybeans, as well as livestock) and dairy processing are important to the...