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Bujalance, city, Córdoba provincia (province), in the Andalusia comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), southern Spain, located 24 miles (39 km) east of Córdoba city. There is evidence in Bujalance of early Roman occupation. The ancient city was also the site of a seven-towered castle built in 935 by ʿAbd ar-Raḥmān III, the first caliph and greatest ruler of the Umayyad (Arab Muslim) dynasty of Spain; the castle’s ruins are within the city. In 1227 the city...